Analyzing Macbeth According To The 7 Habits Of Highly Effective Teens :: Stephen Covey, Seven Habits

In reading William Shakespeares play, MacBeth, readers can plainly see that fount development is crucial to developing the plot, as well as the overall assembling of the literature. One can see the growth in Macbeth and Lady Macbeth throughout the reputation. The changes in the characters personas is very much visible to the reader throughout the storyline. In analyzing MacBeth, integrity can use Sean Coveys insightful book, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens, to show the seven characteristics, as Covey describes them, show the changes in Macbeth and Lady Macbeth.To teach ones self-importance a lesson in changes of character, one should read up on the character Macbeth. This man made a turn from a, more or less, flat character in the beginning of the story to a much rounder character with many complex parts of a personality by the time the story was over. But the common denominator within his character in all parts of the story was that, despite his stature as a "good gu y" or a "bad guy", Macbeth exhibited absolutely no good qualities as shown in Seven Habits. When the witches foretold of his destiny, Macbeth did not Begin with the End in Mind. Hewas not proactive in helping his destiny come to pass, having his wife actually scheme to assassinate King Duncan. He did not follow the habit "Seek commencement to Understand, Then to be Understood". He never tried to understand anything. He just followed what his wife told him to do. When he thought that there was a holy terror to his position he would do anything, included cold-blooded murder, to alleviate the strain in his deranged mind. Even those close to him such as Banquo and others were killed just because of MacBeths thermolabile nature. This is definitely a sign of a man with a win-lose paradigm. It was his way or the highway. MacBeth also had bad habits, such as being a procrastinator, delay for Lady MacBeth to come up with a plan before he thought about the consequences . On the other hand, Lady MacBeth exhibited some positive habits during the story. When she open out of MacBeths destiny to become Thane of Glamis, Thane of Codor, and ultimately, king, she took initiative in planning out the kings untimely murder. She cunningly planned and plotted, all for the straight-forward reason of her husband being fitted to assume the throne as king.

Race: Biological or Cultural? :: essays research papers

Through research of DNA samples, scientists have been able to declare that track is not biologically constructed due to the similarities between human genes. Nevertheless, in reality, people still emphasized on biological aspects such as skin color, or hair cereal to categorize others into different races. This in turn, denied the true identity of race, which it is culturally constructed. Ethnicity, by definition is also culturally constructed, therefore it greatly gibe race. there is no real clear line to distinct the two. According to Nicholson, encounters between explorers, such as Christopher Columbus and Henry Hudson, and Native Americans were always friendly. There was no expression of hostility found on somatogenic appearance (Nicholson 15) between the twogroups. When there was any hostility, it was not based on physical appearance, but rather more of culture practices or values. Cannibalism, for example, seems to take place without any regard to race, creed, or religi on. In another case, Nicholson mentions that during the Crusade, about ten thousands Jews were massacred by Crusaders. It was a religious slaughter without racial implications. (Nicholson 26) Through these examples, we can see that Nicholson suggested that race is not scientifically valid because people did not judge others based on physical appearances, but the notion of race is mainly described by ones skin color or hair texture. Nicholsons arguments coincided with modern scientific views, which conclude that race doesnt exist, due to the fact that DNA inside people with different skin color and hair texture is 99.9 percent similar. Therefore, the notion that race is biologically constructed in invalid.Social reality of race simply refers to the fact that people still believed that races are based on physical traits such as skin color or hair texture to judge others. However, what they are doing is stereotyping which lead to discrimination and racism. Also, their actions denied th e fact race is culturally constructed, meaning people have different customs, religions, and values from culture to culture. The patterns of biological variation among humans are extremely complex and constantly changing. All of us could be classified into a number of different "races", depending on what genetic traits are emphasized. For example, if you divide people up on the basis of stature or blood types, the geographic groupings are clearly different from those defined on the basis of skin color. Focusing on such deceptive distinguishing traits as skin color, body shape, and hair texture causes us to magnify differences and ignore similarities between people.

Cults :: essays research papers

CultsTypes of fadsTwo main kinds of cults exist todayMessianic CultsThis is a cult that has a leader. Whatever the leader orders hismembers to do must be done, whether it would be sacrifice or murder, it must bedone. In return the leader of the cult would "save" his followers.Mellenarian Cults     This is a type of cult that refers to the 1,000 year reign of Christ.These congregations believe      that dramatic events, such as the end of the world orjudgwork forcet day, will occur at the      turn of the century.Traits of cultsA feeling and a certainty of belief.A single strong and powerful leader.A tendency to control communication.A totalistic outlook a receive that spiritual life in the group must bepresent 24 hours a day, seven days a week. This would notallow a member to do any hobbies, work or interests outsideof the cult.People who join cultsThere are four different types of people who participate in cults . Thefirst type of people are normal people who come from intact families and turn tocults at a moment of difficulty in at that place life. These people havent had anyother problems previously. The second group of people are people who hadproblems in there past in development and emotion. The third and smallest groupof cult members are psychotic individuals. The fourth group of people feel asif they dont fit into society.Different cultsCharles Manson was never close to his parents, for he never met his capture and his mother was an alcoholic. This lead Manson through a confusingage. He was always getting in trouble with the law. After he got out of prisonhe began to experiment with the psychedelic drug LSD. In San Francisco helearned how to talk like a hippie and sounded very wise, to lost and confusedyoung men and woman. He always looked for sad or disordered young women. As hefound them he talked to them, and they quickly trusted him deeply. In a picayunetime he had gathered up enough young women to be his slaves and do whatever heasked. This is were Charles Manson began his cult leadership. Manson told fourof his followers to break into a wealthy home in Los Angeles and kill everyone

Rock And Roll Essay -- essays research papers

History of Rock and RollPunk rock developed in the United States out of the raw and energetic music adored and turn of eventsed by garage bands of the mid-sixties. Many of these garage bands were started by kids in their teens who hardly knew how to play simple chords on a guitar or bang away at drums or cymbals in their own garages. The music was often played at a high volume as well.The MC5 epitomized this. The MC5 (Motor City Five) was a high school chinchy band from Lincoln Park, Michigan. They played with a very loud and maddened style. Their lyrics, which were refused airplay, were obscene and profane. The right combination of heavy distortion and two guitars enabled them to combine the power of heavy metal with the raw garage band sound.Many punk songs were reactions to the glitter and glam rock bands of the seventies. The fact that groups were spending months, weeks, or hours in a studio, writing 15- minute songs, and playing elaborate shows with spectacular stage perform ances in apparent motion of thousands of people in large arenas really angered punk bands. Punk songs were generally simple and rather short. The lyrics told the way the 2members of the band felt. They played exquisite shows and did not put on any elaborate performances. The Sex Pistols were the epitome of a punk band. They were discovered in an...

The Significance of Islamic Calligraphy in the Muslim Culture Essay

Abstract Although it could be considered an insignificant p guile of society, Islamic chirography is crucial to its culture because of its role in religion and computer architecture, and its help in creating unity among Muslims. Calligraphys function in religion is mainly due to the Muslim inhibition of the representation of living beings (Schimmel, Islamic 11) in cheat. In architecture chirography is used to decorate the interior and exterior of buildings to help remind citizens of the purpose of the architecture to glorify God. Lastly, calligraphy helps to unite Muslims because everyone must learn the Arabic language to participate in prayers and recitations. Introduction Islamic calligraphy is considered to have developed into an art during the time of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth caliph and the son-in-law of Muhammad (Schimmel, Islamic 3). Not only a religious leader, Ali ibn Abi Talib was a great calligrapher and artist. The use and importance of Islamic calligraphy grew r apidly after his extensive development of the art. Muslims are cautioned against producing illustrations of living beings, therefore much of Islamic art is calligraphic. Although it is not seriously considered a real art form by many western societies, Islamic calligraphy is essential to its own culture because of its crucial role in religion, architecture, and creating unity among Muslims. Background Islamic calligraphy is unique in several distinct traditions. The letters of the alphabet can be written in different forms, making the writings elusive to read (Piotrosky 27). It is considered a noble art form, and has its own rhythm and harmony (Khan 7). It is written from right to left and lacks capitalization and punctuation marks (11). Each o... ...ans. Rosanna Giammanco Frongia. in the altogether York Abbeville Press Publishers, 2001. Khatibi, Abdelkebir, and Mohammed Sijelmassi. The Splendor of Islamic Calligraphy. Paris Thames and Hudson, 1994. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. Islamic subterfuge and Spirituality. New York State University of New York Press, 1987. Parry, James. Calligraphy as a Contemporary Art Form. liberal arts & the Islamic World 31 (1997) 54-55. ---. First International Calligraphy Festival in Tehran. Arts & the Islamic World 31 (1997) 50-53. Piotrovsky, Mikhail B. Earthly Beauty, Heavenly Art Art of Islam. Ed. John Vrieze. Amsterdam De Nieuwe Kerk, 1999. Rosenthal, F. Four Essays on Art and Literature in Islam. Leiden E.J. Brill, 1971. Schimmel, Annemarie. Calligraphy and Islamic Culture. New York New York University Press, 1984. ---. Islamic Calligraphy. Leiden E.J. Brill, 1970.

The Significance of Islamic Calligraphy in the Muslim Culture Essay

Abstract Although it could be considered an insignificant part of society, Moslem calligraphy is crucial to its culture because of its subroutine in religion and architecture, and its help in creating unity among Muslims. Calligraphys function in religion is mainly due to the Muslim forbiddance of the representation of living beings (Schimmel, Islamic 11) in art. In architecture calligraphy is used to decorate the interior and exterior of buildings to help remind citizens of the purpose of the architecture to glorify God. Lastly, calligraphy helps to compound Muslims because everyone must learn the Arabic language to participate in prayers and recitations. Introduction Islamic calligraphy is considered to have developed into an art during the time of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth kaliph and the son-in-law of Muhammad (Schimmel, Islamic 3). Not only a religious leader, Ali ibn Abi Talib was a great calligrapher and artist. The use and importance of Islamic calligraphy grew rapidl y after his broad development of the art. Muslims are cautioned against producing illustrations of living beings, therefore much of Islamic art is calligraphic. Although it is not seriously considered a real art form by umpteen western societies, Islamic calligraphy is essential to its own culture because of its crucial role in religion, architecture, and creating unity among Muslims. Background Islamic calligraphy is unique in several distinct traditions. The letters of the alphabet can be written in different forms, making the writings difficult to read (Piotrosky 27). It is considered a nobleman art form, and has its own rhythm and harmony (Khan 7). It is written from right to left and lacks capitalization and punctuation marks (11). Each o... ...ans. Rosanna Giammanco Frongia. New York Abbeville Press Publishers, 2001. Khatibi, Abdelkebir, and Mohammed Sijelmassi. The Splendor of Islamic Calligraphy. Paris Thames and Hudson, 1994. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. Islamic Art and Spirit uality. New York State University of New York Press, 1987. Parry, James. Calligraphy as a Contemporary Art Form. Arts & the Islamic World 31 (1997) 54-55. ---. First International Calligraphy Festival in Tehran. Arts & the Islamic World 31 (1997) 50-53. Piotrovsky, Mikhail B. Earthly Beauty, Heavenly Art Art of Islam. Ed. John Vrieze. capital of The Netherlands De Nieuwe Kerk, 1999. Rosenthal, F. Four Essays on Art and Literature in Islam. Leiden E.J. Brill, 1971. Schimmel, Annemarie. Calligraphy and Islamic Culture. New York New York University Press, 1984. ---. Islamic Calligraphy. Leiden E.J. Brill, 1970.

Economic Recovery in UK Essay

IntroductionOver the past few years, UK rescue has been is a recession occlusive characterized by decline in domineering duty conditions. This period indicated unfavor equal transmission line environment due to aspects of richly taxation, reduced demand and senior high cost of imports. The period was also characterized by low cost of imports which results to unfavor open balance of trade in UK.Economic downturn in UK has great influence in business especi every(prenominal)y the high street brands (Holley, 2012). With that kind of frugal, grow conditions there was increased concerns about the future of high street s. this trend threatened the long term survival and drawing card of high street brands since the frugal conditions undermined the ability to attract a range of potential customers and other businesses. However, signs of economic recovery ar evident in linked Kingdom. The United Kingdom is returning to economic growth, this is according to a range of economic i ndicators which reveal a stable housing market firms raising confidence and employees readiness to hire (Irvin, 2006). According to economic data is growing faster where effects are felt throughout the frugality. The data suggests that the economic recovery is evident in nearly all sectors in the United Kingdom economy.According to economic data in UK, the economy grew by 0.8 percentage compared to last year economic grow de noned by 0.4 percent (Holley, 2012). Considerably, economic recovery in UK has greatly boosted business in the country. For instance, mevery makeups have bragging(a) considerably in the latest business environment that is ensured by the economy recovery. More precisely, companies such as Tesco has registered and increase in the total sales compared to new-fangled past (Tesco annual report, 2013). This in turn has enhanced organizations strategical go on in regard planning in the current business environment.Most pregnant, the incessant economic recover y mood in UK is improving as most businesses are reacting to the increased business confidence through search of new markets. The emplacement has also support enthronement and saving in United Kingdom. Increase in business confidence is accelerating this is a fundamental financial performance manoeuver in UK that indicates reported profit and turnover rise and is expected to improve further (Irvin, 2006). According to economic data, unemployment level has decreased drastically since the start of economic recovery in the country. This situation is characterized by increased demand, growth of most of sector especially retail. In addition, economic firing has ensured favorable balance of wages in UK (Holley, 2012).The economic recovery in UK also indicates enhanced future for high streets brands since it is improving its attractiveness and survival. According to economic data, improved economic conditions in UK will attract much potential investors and retailers to high street br ands business. This because of the enhance business confidence and favorable business climate in United Kingdom.Generally, all sectors of United Kingdom economy are growing considerably showing continuing creation of employment opportunities by the government, educated workforce and enhanced breathing standards through reduction of costs of living (Irvin, 2006).According to economic data, there are indications of enhanced consumer confidence in United Kingdom. This phenomenon is precisely defined by the current economic recovery in the country. According to Holley (2012), the level of consumer confidence is high indicated by the current economic conditions in a country. The improvement in consumer confidence is also ensured due the decline in unemployment in UK which helps to boost confidence. In addition, decline in house prices has also accounted for the improved consumer confidence in UK. Consumer confidence is fundamental as it influences economic policies in a country. Conside rably, increased consumer confidence in UK has caused households to opt to invest instead of savings since they are self-confident of better returns with the prevailing economic conditions in the country.Positive commerce conditions as a result of economic growth in U.KGrowth in business confidence is a major indicator that enhances economic growth. This has lead many investors in the UK to invest in many sectors since they have confidence on the business has there is a confirmed stable growth that motivates them to even invest more in other different sectors. This traffic condition has highly encouraged many businesses to search for new markets in the UK and this comes a result of them many investors within and outside UK having plentiful confidence on what they are investing thusly, these has attributed oft times to enormous growth in their economy. In addition, they expect growth to create a considerable pace now as the recovery continues to build steadily and business in vestment and net trade are also expected to offer increasing support to enhance over the coming years (Trade and investment for growth, 2011).Fairtrade sales in U.K have highly increases going up to 2.89bn globally towards the end of 2008 (Cofnas, 2012). On the same line with the economic growth there is a high increase in demand that helped to avoid the economic crisis and demonstrate the difference that depict with Fairtrades. Consequently, Fairtrade is highly attributed towards enhancing the economic growth in UK.Many of the up-to-the-minute research prevail that through the mechanisms entailed, Fairtrade grants a positive economic opportunity for those individuals with smallholder farming families competent and ready to join producer associations and provide products of the right nutrition for the required market. Consequently, numerous Fairtrade co-operatives are appropriate and are becoming stronger, frequently showing a higher capacity to survive in intricate times and beco ming capable to grant important services to their members. This strengthening is mainly noticeable where producer ownership supplementary along the assessment chain is achieve as demonstrated by the share ownership of producers (Cofnas, 2012).Increase in supply is another positive condition that has resulted from the economic growth in the UK. This came into musing has the government offers and subsides to those producers of the necessary goods and services which generates external benefits that will diminish the cost of production as well has encourage more supply. This has been enacted to encourage the supply of chastity goods in the UK. For instance in the education sector, health and those issues dealing with the housing finance and therefore, these particular merits can easily be funded from the local government taxation or from the nongovernmental organization and this has highly contributed to the economic growth over the last few years.This is basically because they focus on the public goods, for example they concentrate on building roads, bridges, airports and other more areas that are considered to be generating more income thus showing an increase in tax revenue. In addition, the food processing persistence such as Cadbury plc is among those who have heavily benefited from the positive trading conditions, thus it noted to be among the largest leading confectionary with a wide range of products.Back in 2007, the Cadbury plc closed down the keynsham chocolate factory and this lead to about jobs closed. This was enhanced by the wake of wake of the global economic crunch, however, Presently, Hershey Chocolate Company, a US based plc is making tireless efforts to acquire Cadbury so as to enjoy broad world markets due to the positive tradition conditions that have been put in place and enhanced fully.Lastly, tariffs or light trade is another indicator that has enhances economic growth in the UK. According to the economists, when high tariff was not fo rmulated, UK was not economically productive as it was stuck in a huge economic depression in the early years. In contrast, the tariff has currently created appropriate economy in that there is large proportion of the entire population at the same time dependent on commerce and attention sector. The imposition of free tariff has highly promoted growth of several industries. According to the economists, the persistence in economic history, it shows the free trade provides long-run conditions for growth that maybe better than any other way (Aldridge, 2013).How positive trading conditions affects approaches to strategic planningstrategic planning is the process in an organization which leads the organization to coming up with watchword strategies and ideas and finding for room of achieving those strategies as one way of improving an organization or company. It deals with knowing what is to be done, how it is going to be done and for what purpose and the means of doing it. Strategic planning involves understanding a companys mission, vision, strategies, aims, objectives, goals and achievements. The tools required for this include the pestle factors example economic, social, political, legal, environmental and technological and informatics factors. The construction industry which had been affected by the economic breakdown is now improving as various business strategies are being enhanced.United Kingdoms gross domestic product is pushed upwardly through enhancing the positive trading conditions. The trading conditions in the United Kingdom are currently improving amidst many challenges facing the economy of Britain thus if the GDP is to move upwards then the trading conditions must be improved. Last year November, the United Kingdoms exports had a small positive change which made the imports to decrease thus enhancing positive trading conditions which in return reflected a positive change in the GDP (Great Britain & Great Britain, 2013). revision in trading cond itions impacts greatly on the GDP thus it is determined by trading conditions. United Kingdoms sterling quid pro quo is weaken which contributes to an increase in the amounts exported because of recovery in trade worldwide. Thus as the number of exports increases the GDP maintains a positive move thereby stabilizing the economy thereby maintaining the strategic planning in order to maintain that positive move in the economy. Trading conditions determines which strategies to be put in place, when they will be made, who will make those strategies and resources required for the strategies to remain successful.The United Kingdoms trading conditions has suffered challenges over the last few years but lately the trading conditions are taking a positive direction. The manufacturers have learnt their lessons and identified their mistakes which enable them make strategic plans in order to avoid such mistakes in future. Strategic plans have been made in such a way that employment and invest ments remain balanced. By doing this, the economy of United Kingdom is getting boosted and the sterling pound is gaining value (Great Britain, 2007). Investors and employers are applying good strategic planning which is greatly reflected by improvement of trading conditions and economy at large. The manufacturers are now getting huge profits, importing less and exporting more which shows that the trade market is improving greatly.The United Kingdom is trying to balance its trade which is affected by a number of factors (Middleton, Rodger & MacCulloch, 2008). The production cost of the exports should always remain lower than the cost of importation for the economy to remain stable. United Kingdom is strategizing that there are exuberant and available raw materials instead of importing them. It has put restrictions on trade in terms of taxes and made sure that the trading environment is maintained comprehensive of standards of health, safety of its people and conducive environment.F oreign exchange is a key strategy and a contributing factor in the economy of the United Kingdom. The high the foreign exchange the more stable the economy is and vice versa. In addition, it has come up with the strategy of minimizing the cost of the goods sold locally and increasing the cost of its exports. In addition, it has reduced the amount of imports in the country by producing most products locally. The commercial banks and investments banks were greatly affected by the economic decline then followed by the construction and insurance firms and companies. Through the good strategies enhanced the economic started to rise and is now growing to higher standards.The merits, effectiveness and relevance of prescriptive and emergent approaches to strategic planning in this improving economic climateThe effectiveness on the strategic planning is based on the ability on how managers and leaders are able to establish concrete strategies which help them attain their vision and mission i n the most appropriate means possible. Strategic planning is fundamental to finish long term issues which might which might be as a result of prescriptive and emergent approaches. During hard economic times, strategic planning is alert for organization to draw up tangible strategies capable to enable the firm to reach out its desired goals and objectives. Prescriptive strategic planning can be defined as a strategy effected before the whole implementation process starts (Jeffs, 2008).The whole idea revolves around investigation, planning, development and full implementation. This approach is vital particularly to ensure analysis of a firm is stable in relation to the economic conditions. Prescriptive strategy is more focused towards maturation enough ability to predict the changes occurring on the external environment. This approach makes it achievable to systematize difficult activities and conditions as a way of breeding the current environmental changes (Friend & Zehle, 200 4).On the other hand, emergent approach is an appropriate alternative to the prescriptive strategic planning. Emergent approach strategies are developed as time elapses but commonly without any objectives or reasons. This approach is a bit flexible because it allows creation of more creative and antiphonal process in relation to the present economic conditions. This approach is not only important but also appropriate mainly to address the volatility evidenced in the present creative and responsive process. This approach is important because it can be easily altered in the best way possible to suit the current economic conditions (Rao, Rao & Sivaramakrishna, 2008). It is also be applicable in unpredictable environment in order to address some key issues of concern. As evidenced the climate is changing rapidly, and therefore it is important to adapt good strategies to ensure and maintain firms survival.Effectiveness of both prescriptive and emergent approaches is based on the abilit y to establish adopt business objectives and aims. The level of flexibility between different companies matters a lot in relation to adaptation of these strategies. Evidently, firms must develop tangible strategies to tackle the current changes in the environment in order to ensure their survival. Effectiveness of the strategic planning is based on the fact how a firm is prepared enough to handle all maters presented by economic conditions (Jeffs, 2008). The focus towards attaining business objectives is the key driver towards establishing effective strategic plan.The numerous changes happening in both developing and emerging countries have led to establishment and diffusion of efficient strategic planning. The effectives of both prescriptive and emergent approaches are determined by how an organization is able to polish its operations and implementation of viable strategies. In other works it can be stated as the degree at which firms are able to successfully achieve its desired o bjectives in the most appropriate procedural. The effectiveness of strategic planning is closely linked with its achievements as a result of established objectives. Basically, strategic planning is more concerned with objectives and results despite presence of economic conditions (Rao, Rao & Sivaramakrishna, 2008).Strategic planning is relevant to address all issues emerging as a result of economic trading conditions. According to Friend and Zehle (2004), both prescriptive strategies and emergent strategies are so relevant to address the current situation as witnessed in the in the current economic climate of instability. There is need for companies and organizations to effectively implement and adapt these strategies mainly to ensure their survival. The aim of these strategies is to ensure that an organization has proper mechanism put in place to handle changes which might be as a result of environmental changes (Jeffs, 2008).Strategic planning has gained more popularity with many companies adapting strategies with more efforts focused towards achieving the aims and objectives goals. Evidently, strategic planning helps organizations to grow progress and successfully adapt effective strategies to address the constantly changing environment.ConclusionFrom the preceding(prenominal) paper it is evident that, over the past few years, UK economy has witnessed a recession period characterized by decline in positive business conditions. This period indicated unfavorable business environment due to aspects of high taxation, reduced demand and high cost of imports. The implication is widespread low imports hence attracting all trading businesses. The economic recovery in UK also indicates enhanced future for high streets brands since it is improving its attractiveness and survival. According to many indicators, UK economy appears to be emerging from the turbulence of the past five years with its devastating impact on many businesses including well known high street b rands. Strategic planning is vital to address long term issues which might which might be as a result of prescriptive and emergent approaches.ReferenceAldridge, I. (2013). High-frequency trading A practical pass on to algorithmic strategies and trading systems.Cofnas, A. (2012). Trading binary options Strategies and tactics. Hoboken, NJ Bloomberg Press/Wiley.Friend, G., & Zehle, S. (2004). Guide to business planning. London Economist in association with Profile Books.Great Britain. (2007). victor and failure in the UK car maunfacturing industry. London The letter paper Office.Great Britain., & Great Britain. (2013). The future of the European Union UK Government policy first report of school term 2013-14. London Stationery Office.Holley, D. (2012). UK economic recovery The long road a political thesis. Guildford Grosvenor House.Irvin, G. W. (2006). Regaining Europe An economic agenda for the 21st century. London national Trust for Education and Research.Jeffs, C. (2008). Strategic management. Los Angeles SAGE.Middleton, K., Rodger, B. J., & MacCulloch, A. (2008). Cases and materials on UK and EC competition law. Oxford Oxford University Press.Rao, C. A., Rao, B. P., & Sivaramakrishna, K. (2008). Strategic management and business policy Texts and cases. New Delhi, India Excel.Trade and investment for growth. (2011). London Stationery Office.

Ethical and Legal Issues in nursing Essay

The nursing regulatory body, the Nursing and Midwifery Council requires solely registered nurses to have an understanding of the honorable and legal principles which patronise all aspects of nursing practice(NMC,2010). A comprehensive understanding of current legal and ethical manikins facilitates the delivery of appropriate skilled nursing care. The purpose of this assignment allow for be to critically discuss an episode of care encountered whilst on clinical placement. The episode of care involves the covert administration of medical specialty to an elderly forbearing. The decision to covertly administer the medical specialty go away be critically judgeed in this assignment. The Gibbs(1988) reflection model will be recitationd to guide the discussion. The discussion will excessively consider the legal, ethical and professional issues surrounding covert medicament.In the mental health sector, medication non-adherence remains a serious health-care problem with far-reachin g ramifications for affected roles, their relatives and health-care professionals. Harris et al. (2008) found that amidst 40 and 60% of mental health patients fail to adhere to their medication treatment plan. This number increased to 50 and 70% for elderly patients with dementia, and between 75 to 85% among patients with schizophrenia and bi-polar disorders. In such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) cases, where the patients well being is at risk and the treatment is essential, health-care professionals may resort to disguising medications in intellectual nourishment and drink. The medication is crushed or liquefied and mixed with nutrientstuff. This practice of concealment is called covert medication(NMC,2008). By covertly administering medication, the patient consumes a drug without the required informed consent. The Gibbs(1988) reflection model has been chosen for the purpose of this assignment as it allows the author to reflect and think systematically about the episo de of care. The initial play of Gibbs reflective cycle is Description in which the author is required to describe the events which occurred.In order to comply with the NMC(2010) code of conduct and guidelines on patient confidentiality, the patient will be called Mr walker. Mr Walker, an 80-year-old service user was temporary placed at the respite care home. Mr Walker had severe dementia, and wasunable to communicate effectively. He oftentimes resisted all essential nursing care. Mr Walkers medical history also included hypertension and angina. He was prescribed blood pressure medication (enapril tablets) to stimulate his blood pressure and to reduce the risk of stroke and heart attacks. He was also prescribed diuretics and medication to prevent boost angina attacks. Mr Walker frequently refused to take his medication spitting out the tablets and refusing to swallow. The nurse in charge, concerned about the deterioration of Mr Walkers health, considered the option to covertly administer his medication. The MDT held a meeting and reached the decision to covertly administer Mr Walkers medication. The second branch of the Gibbs reflective cycle is Feelings, requiring the author to briefly discuss her reactions and feelings. The author matte up up the decision to covertly administer medication was morally correct and ethically permissible. The author refers to the deontology ethical theory to support her thoughts and feelings.The NMC code of conduct considered by Beckwith and Franklin(2011) as a model of rule deontology states that all health-care professionals should safeguard and promote the interests and well-being of patients. The act of covertly administering medication could therefore be deemed morally correct. The practitioners intended on acting in the best interest of Mr Walker irrespective of the consequences of their actions (breaching patient shore leave). Their actions promoted and safeguarded Mr Walkers health and well-being. Husted (2008) argues that from a deonto tenacious point of view, violating an individuals autonomy is just abouttimes necessary to promote the individuals best interest. In this case it could therefore be ethically permissible to covertly administer medication without Mr Walkers consent. The medication is essential and promotes Mr Walkers long-term autonomy and safeguards his health and well-being. Similarly, the ethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence could be used to justify the use of covert-medication (Wheeler 2008).The principle of beneficence is an ethical principle derived from the trade to provide benefits and to consider the benefits of an action against the risk. According to Masters(2005), health-care practitioners have a professional duty and an ethical province to carry out positive actions with the aim of safeguarding their patients health and well-being. With this notion in mind, covert medication could be morally justify if it safeguards the offbeat of the patien t. In this case, the discontinuation of medication would have had a detrimental effect on Mr Walker. Thus administering the medication covertly was in accordance with the principle of beneficence. In this case, one could also argue that the medication was actually acting as an autonomy restoring agent (Wong et al,2005). Mr Walkers autonomy was restored in that he was improve of severe put out. The medication also worked by improving his quality of life. Several studies on the chemical and physiological restraint of aggressive dementia patients also oftentimes show a preference to covert medication (Treolar et al,2001). Covert medication is often considered the least restrictive and inhumane way of administering medication when considering alternatives like physical and technical restraint to administer medication by force (Engedal,2005). Such alternatives to covert medication are unsafe and can have long constant negative psychological effects on the patient (Wong et al, 2005). However, covert medication is not without its shortcomings. The team was deceiving Mr Walker, an already confused, poorly, frail, weakened and vulnerable individual. In the Dickens et al(2007) occupy, some(prenominal) patients expressed this view of covert-medication as an act of deception. They considered covert medication as an extremely coercive practice violating their in the flesh(predicate) rights. This resultantly damaged the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship and patients felt they were no longer in a safe, therapeutic environment. The nursing ethical principle of non-maleficence is similarly germane(predicate) to this discussion. It requires practitioners to safeguard their patients welfare by not jawing pain or distress (Koch et al,2010). This requirement poses serious ethical dilemmas. It is difficult to deal this ethical standard as all forms of medical intervention entail some element of harm. Koch et al,(2010) suggest that perhaps for the harm caused to be ethically permissible it should be proportional to the benefits of the medical treatment. The author thusly feels that covert medication in Mr Walkers case could be ethically justified under these ethical principles.The author will now focus on the Analysis stage of Gibbs reflection model. Here, the author will critically analyse the events which occurred including the decision making process and the decision itself. The author will first discuss the issue of consent in relation to covert medication. The covert administration of medication is and so a complex issue. It derives from theessential principles of consent and patient autonomy which are late rooted in the UK statute, common law and the Human Rights Act 1998 (Lawson and Peate,2009). The UK law recognizely considers bodily integrity a fundamental human right a mentally competent adult has the right to refuse medical treatment regardless of how essential the treatment is to their health and well being (Kilpi, 2000).The freedom of extract which is reinforced by the ethical principle of respect for autonomy is an key right. The NMC(2008) further highlights in the Code that it is the nurses professional, legal and ethical duty to respect and uphold the decision made by the patient. If a nurse administers covert medication to a mentally competent individual, the nurse will be acting unethically (disregarding autonomy) and in breach of the law which could constitute grounds for trespass, assault or battery (NICE,2014), as shown in the cases R v SS 2005 and R v Ashworth infirmary 2003. Thus practitioners have a professional, legal and ethical duty to respect the autonomous wishes of each patient.In Mr Walkers case an MDT meeting was held prior to the covert administration of medication to consider Mr Walkers lack of consent and his mental capacity to consent. The MDT consisted of the world(a) practitioner, psychiatrist, junior house officer, nurse-in-charge, home-manager, occupational-therapist, phy sio-therapist, speech and oral communication therapist, pharmacist, dementia nurse specialist, student nurse, and two relatives. By holding an MDT meeting, the practitioners were acting in accordance with local policies and guidelines. The NICE(2014) guidelines state that health-care practitioners have a legal duty to investigate and take into account the patients wishes, as well as the views of their relatives, carers and other practitioners involved in the patients care. By consulting with the relevant parties, the decision made will be, based on what the person would have wanted, not necessarily what is best for their physical or mental health(Latha,2010). Latha thus argues that decisions based on the patients wishes show some respect for the patients autonomy and are much more ethical than insulate decisions to covertly administer medication.As such, a mishap to consult the relevant parties may constitute a breach of legal, professional and ethical duty as shown in the Gillic k v West NorfolkHealth case (Nixon,2013). However, the Dickens et al, (2007) study shows that nurses frequently administer covert medication without any prior discussion with the MDT, relatives or even the pharmacist. Such practice has led to some nurses being disciplined and charged with various offences (Wong et al,2005). Under UK law, covert medication could be legally justified and considered ethical if the patient is admitted to the hospital under the Mental Health Act (1982). It could also be justified if it is shown that the patient lacks capacity under the Mental mental object Act(2005). The MCA(2005) introduced the 2 stage capacity test. This 2 stage-capacity-test was used by the MDT in Mr Walkers case. The MCA test required the MDT to consider whether Mr Walkers cognitive impairment rendered him mentally incompetent to make treatment decisions. The physician used the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT-T) and the Mini-Mental Status Examination tool (MMSE) to assess Mr Walkers cognitive function and his capacity to consent.The MacCAT-T interview tool was used to assess Mr Walkers ability to (1) understand his medical anatomy and the benefits/ risks of the medical treatment (2) his ability to appreciate this information (3) his reasoning ability and (4) his ability to communicate and express his decision. The results showed Mr Walker as mentally incompetent and missing the capacity to consent. Mr Walker was (1) unable to understand the information habituated to him regarding his treatment (2) he was unable to retain or weigh up the information given to reach a decision (3) he was unable to communicate his decision effectively even when encouraged to use non-verbal communication such as crashing(a) or squeezing a present. The Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) tool was also used by the physician to assess Mr Walkers cognitive function. Mr Walker following the sagaciousness scored a low score of 12 on the MMSE. The MDT pr ovided further clinical evidence (screening tools, clinical data, memory tests, medical imaging results).There were some disadvantages associated with using the MacCAT-T assessment tool. The MacCAT-T tool itself does not give cut off scores to light uply ascertain the boundary between capacity and incapacity.This is for certain a limitation. As shown in the Palmer et.al. (2002) study, this can lead to some patients with low scores being wrongly assessed as lacking capacity. The MacCAT-T tool also fails to recognise the activated aspects of decision making (Stoppe, 2008). It assumes that people only rely on arational, analytic, rule-based thought process to make decisions. Breden and Vollman (2004) thus argue that, the restriction to only logical rationality runs the risk of neglecting the patients normative orientation. Other parts including situational anxiety, severity of the medical condition, medication could also impact on a persons ability to articulate their decision maki ng process. Furthermore, assessment tools like the MacCAT-T tool, big(a)ly depend on the clinicians ability to carry out a clinical interview with the patient. It requires the physician to make an isolated evaluation and decision. Isolated judgements and evaluations can be unreliable as they can be influenced by factors such as subjective impressions, professional experience, personal values, beliefs and even ageism as shown in the Marson et.al. empirical study (Sturman,2005). In the study only 56% of physicians who participated in the capacity assessment of patients were able to agree on a capacity judgement.Many physicians found that they were unable to agree due to differences in medical experience, personal beliefs and subjective impressions. Such empirical evidence certainly questions the reliability of capacity assessment tools. Following on, effective communication skills were essential at this first stage of the capacity assessment as the team was required to consider wheth er Mr Walker was likely to recover capacity. Effective communication is certainly important in such MDT settings as, effective communication, which is timely, accurate, complete, unambiguous, and understood by the recipient, reduces errors and results in improved patient safety (Bretl,2008). Several studies have shown ineffective communication as a contributing factor in medical error cases (Rothschild, 2009). Through effective communication, each member of Mr Walkers MD team understood the discussion at hand and was thus able to contribute new suggestions and solutions. The team implemented communication skills such as negotiation, listening and goal setting skills.The MDT with input from Mr Walkers relatives concluded that a best interest decision would have to be made on Mr Walkers behalf. The general practitioner made it clear that the best interest decision would have to comply with the UK legal framework.The European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) requires the medical treat ment given to be respectful to the patient (Pritchard, 2009). In discussing MrWalkers case, it was firstly established (during the medication review), that the treatment in question had both therapeutic necessity and therapeutic effects for the patient. The MDT when making a best interest decision also considered the risks and benefits of treatment in accordance with the ECHR requirements. The ECHR states that the medical treatment should not be given in a sadistic, inhumane or degrading manner (Human Right Review,2012). Similarly, the NICE(2014) guideline states that the harm that would be caused by not administering the medication covertly, must be greater than the harm that would be caused by administering the medication covertly. This requirement was satisfied by the practitioners in Mr Walkers case. An in-depth risks and benefits assessment was carried out. The pharmacists input was essential at this stage. The pharmacist presented an evidence-based argument discussing the esse ntial medication with medical necessity.The pharmacist also provided guidance on the most appropriate form of administration for example he suggested prescribing enapril in its liquid form (enaped). The pharmacist also provided guidance on the most appropriate method of administration for example not mixing the medication with large portions of food or liquid. Following this discussion with the pharmacist, a best interest decision was made to covertly administer Mr Walkers medication. It was important for the MDT to consult with the pharmacist. The method of crushing, smashing tablets or opening capsules which is a commonly used when covertly administering medication is an unlicensed form of administration (NMC, 2008). It can inflict harm by altering the therapeutic properties which can cause adverse reactions and fatalities. When using this unlicensed method of administration, the practitioner is also unable to establish whether the patient has received the prescribed amount. If th e patient is not receiving the correct dosage required for his treatment, the treatment is ineffective (Wong et al,2005).The pharmacist should therefore be consulted with. However, as demonstrated by the McDonald et al,(2004) study pharmacists are rarely consulted with. In the study, 60% of nurses working in UK care homes admitted to crushing tablets on each drug round to help patients with swallowing difficulties without firstly consulting with a pharmacist. Fortunately, in Mr Walkers case, the pharmacist was able to provide guidance on the most appropriate method of administration. Following on, in such cases where the patient isproven to lack capacity to consent to medical treatment, the Mental Capacity Act promotes the use of best interest decisions. In Mr Walkers case, the MDT reached a best interest decision to covertly administer his medication. However, there are some problems associated with the practice of relying on best interest decisions. Baldwin and Hughes (2006), high light the many problems associated with making best interest decisions. In their empirical study, Baldwin and Hughes found that practitioners and relatives often evaluate a patients quality of life differently. The results showed the poor execution of instrument of relatives and practitioners at predicting patients medical treatment preferences. Differences in cultural backgrounds, professional experiences, values and beliefs mean that decisions made may actually go against what the patient would have wanted.The failure to consider the patients values and believes was found to be a common occurrence in the Dickens et al,(2007) study. In this study, 18% of the nursing rung interviewed admitted that they would be willing to covertly administer medication to even those patients with capacity to consent, regardless of their values and beliefs, if the treatment was essential for their well-being. The legal framework in the UK was indeed established with the aim of safeguarding the wel fare of the incapacitated person. However, with such results, it remains unclear the extent to which health-care professionals are actually adhering to the legal requirements. The Mental Health Foundation(2012) argues that the MCA, needs revise to enable more effective best interests decisions by health and social care staff. In its investigation, the Mental Health foundation found that although a large number of health-care staff found the MCA to be an effective tool in balancing the ethical principle of autonomy and safeguarding patients lacking capacity, 63% of health-care practitioners felt the commentary of mental capacity was not made clear, with many expressing the view that the legal framework does not encompass the complexity of capacity assessments in practice (MHF, 2012).The Griffith (2008) study and the Roy et al. (2011) further found that due to this lack of understanding, a large number of mental-health patients were wrongly assessed as lacking capacity, depriving th em of their personal rights. These results suggest that health-care professionals perhaps require further training and education about the legality and practicalities of covertmedication. When used without the correct legal safeguards in place, covert medication undoubtedly becomes an extremely paternalistic vicious and unethical practice. Following the anonymous best interest decision to covertly administer Mr Walkers medication. The decision making process was clearly attested the mental capacity assessment, the best interest decision, method of administration (stating explicitly that the least restrictive method will be used) were all documented in Mr Walkers care-plan and medication-chart. Accurate documentation and record keeping is essential as it safeguards service users human rights and ensures that health care professionals follow the legal framework as well as local policies and guidelines.Article 6 of the HRA, right to a fair and public hearing, also requires clinical re cords to be comprehensible, clear and concise so that they can be referred to if needed in a fair and public hearing. Following the MDT meeting, Mr Walkers care plan was frequently discussed and reviewed by the MDT in monthly pro forma review meetings in compliance with local policies and guidelines. NICE (2013) guidelines state that it is important to frequently review covert medication decisions. Each individual is different and an individuals mental state and capacity can change over time. By carrying out the monthly formal review meetings, the practitioners safeguard their clients rights by ensuring that covert medication is still the most appropriate, lawful and ethical method of administration.In conclusion, the nurses of today certainly practice in a complex health care system. It is thus essential for nurses to have a straightforward understanding of the ethical principles which underpin good nursing practice. In the nursing literature, nurses are often described as the mo ral agents of the health-care system (Sellman,2011). This means that nurses should value ethical reasoning acting in such a way which balances good intentions against risk and the best outcome. Through good ethical reasoning nurses are able to promote patient comfort, patients safety, ease suffering, and promote patient welfare to enhance recovery. The covert administration of medication should therefore not be an isolated decision, it should comply with the legislation, ethical principles, local policies and guidelines.BibliographyThe National Institute for Clinical Excellence, (2014). Managing medicines incare homes. online NICE. Available at http//www.nice.org.uk/media/B5F/28/ManagingMedicinesInCareHomesFullGuideline.pdf Accessed 17 Apr. 2014. Beckwith, S. and Franklin, P. (2011). Oxford handbook of prescribing for nurses and allied health professionals. world-class ed. Oxford Oxford University Press. Breden, T. and Vollmann, J. (2004). The cognitive based approach of capacity a ssessment in psychiatry A philosophical critique of the MacCAT-T. Health Care Analysis, 12(4), pp.273283. Bretl, A. (2008). Patient safety rounds. 1st ed. oak tree Brook, Ill. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Nursing and Midwifery Council, (2010). The Code. online NMC. Available at http//www.nmc-uk.org/Documents/Standards/nmcTheCodeStandardsofConductPerformanceAndEthicsForNursesAnd- Midwives_LargePrintVersion.PDF Accessed 16 Apr. 2014.Dickens, G., Stubbs, J. and Haw, C. (2007). Administering medication to older mental health patients. Nursing times, 103(15), pp.30-31.Engedal, K. and Kirkevold, O (2005). Concealment of drugs in food and beverages in nursing homes cross sectional study. BMJ, 330(7481), p.20.Equality Human Rights (2012). Article 3 Freedom from torture and inhumane and degrading treatment or punishment. online Available at http//www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/humanrights/hrr_article_3.pdf Accessed 12 Apr. 2014. Gibbs, G. (1988). Learning by doing. 1st ed. London FEU. Griffith, R. and Tengnah, C. (2008). Mental Capacity Act 2005 assessing decision-making capacity 2. British journal of community nursing, 13(6), pp.284-293.Harris, N., Baker, J. and Gray, R. (2009). Medicines anxiety in mental health care. 1st ed. Chichester, U.K. Wiley-Blackwell. Hughes, J. and Baldwin, C. (2006). Ethical issues in dementia care. 1st ed. London Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Husted, J. and Husted, G. (2008). Ethical decision making in nursing and health care. 1st ed. New York Springer Pub. Co.Koch, S., Gloth, F. and Nay, R. (2010). Medication management in older adults. 1st ed. Totowa, N.J. Humana. Latha, K. (2010). The noncompliant patient in psychiatry The case for and against covert/furtive medication. Mens sana monographs, 8(1), p.96. Lawson, L. and Peate, I. (2009). Essential nursing care. 1st ed. Chichester, West Sussex, UK Wiley-Blackwell. Leino-Kilpi, H. (2000). Patientsautonomy, privacy, and informed consent. 1st ed. Amsterdam IOS Press. Macdonald, A., Roberts, A. and Carpenter, I. (2004). De facto imprisonment and covert medication use in general nursing homes for older people in South East England. Ageing clinical and experimental research,16(4), pp.326-330. Masters, K. (2005). Role development in professional nursing practice. 1st ed. Sudbury, Mass. Jones and Bartlett. Mental Health Foundation, MCA Code of Practice needs revising to enable more effective best interests decisions to be made. (2012). MHF News Archieve, online p.1. Available at http//www.mentalhealth.org.uk/our-news/news-archive/2012/12-01-31/ Accessed 12 May. 2014. Nixon, V. (2013). Professional practice in paramedic, emergency and urgent care. 1st ed. Chichester, West Sussex Wiley-Blackwell. NMC, (2008). Standards for medicines management. online Available at http//www.nmc-uk.org/Documents/NMC-Publications/NMC-Standards-for-medicines-management.pdf Accessed 16 Apr. 2014. Palmer, B., Nayak, G., Dunn, L., Appelbaum, P. and Jeste , D. (2002). Treatment-related decision-making capacity in middle-aged and older patients with psychosis a preliminary study using the MacCAT-T and HCAT.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry, 10(2), pp.207-211. Pritchard, J. (2009). Good practice in the law and safeguarding adults. 1st ed. London Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Rothschild, A. (2009). Clinical manual for diagnosis and treatment of psychotic depression. 1st ed. Washington, DC American Psychiatric Pub. Roy, A., Jain, S., Roy, A., Ward, F., Richings, C., Martin, M. and Roy, M. (2011). Improving recording of capacity to consent and explanation of medication side effects in a psychiatric service for people with learning disability audit findings. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 15(2), pp.85-92.Sellman, D. (2011). What makes a good nurse. 1st ed. London Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Stoppe, G. (2008). Competence assessment in dementia. 1st ed. Wien Springer. Sturman, E. (2005). The capacity to consent to treatmen t and research a review of standardized assessment tools. Clinical psychology review, 25(7), pp.954-974. Treloar, A., Beats, B. and Philpot, M. (2000). A pill in the sandwich covert medication in food and drink.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 93(8), pp.408-411. Treloar, A., Beats, B. and Philpot, M. (2000). A pill in the sandwich covert medication in food and drink.Journal of the Royal Society ofMedicine, 93(8), pp.408-411. Wheeler, K. (2008). Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse. 1st ed. St. Louis, Mo. Mosby Elsevier. Wong, J., Poon, Y. and Hui, E. (2005). I can put the medicine in his soup, Doctor. Journal of medical ethics,31(5), pp.262-265.

Types of Story Leads

Lead Every news story begins with an introduction called the hap. This may be a single word, a phrase, a cla intent, a brief sentence, an entire paragraph or a series of paragraphs. The main functions of the go bad, aside from introducing the news story, ar to tell the story in capsule form and to answer right away the questions the reader would naturally ask. A good lead answers all the important questions of the reader, indicates the attendant circumstances if they atomic number 18 all important, and arouses the readers interest to continue instruction the story.The lead is the beginning, the most important structural element of a story. Charnley (1966) stated that, an effective lead is a brief, sharp statement of the storys essential facts. The lead is usually the first sentence, or in some cases the first two sentences, and is ideally 20-25 words in length. Leads should * open with bright, interesting, bright nouns and verbs be brief (often that 20-30 words) be, for the most part, one sentence in length be crisp and to the point effectively summarize the story disport the feature allow in attribution (the source) if needed for credibility ive the title for any person mentioned not include personal pronouns such as we and you not include reporter opinion Summary lead The typical lead is called a summary lead or straight summary lead, and it, of course, summarizes the story. The journalist must, therefore, write a clear, fairly short sentence that reveals all, telling the end result of the story. Someone should be able to read the lead and be informed about what happened without reading the rest of the story. A summary lead should answer as many of the 5Ws and H as possible who, what, when, where, why and how.The 5 Ws and H provide the news writer with quick and convenient means of organizing the lead of a story. They also provide the framework or structure for organizing the lead of a story. This is one of the most common forms of hard news story. But, the question is that how do we decide what is most important and what should follow in descending order of wideness? Here, we must use our own judgment. Some questions to ask What will affect the readers the most? What questions does the lead raise that need to be answered immediately? What supporting quotes are strongest?Below are examples of leads which feature the various 5Ws & H. The words that make up the W that is featured are in bold face type. WHO lead utilise when the person involved is to a greater extent prominent than what he does or what happens to him. -Reckless drivers who dont seem to be drunk may well be high on cocaine or marijuana, according to roadside tests that indicate drugs may rival alcohol as a hazard on the highway. -Monica Lewinsky, the former low-level aide at the center of the current White House investigation, is willing to submit to a polygraph examination in exchange for complete immunity from prosecution, her lawyer said Sunday.WHAT lead Us ed when the event or what took place is more important than the person involved in the story. -A pack of wild monkeys terrorized a seaside resort township south of Tokyo last week, attacking 30 people and sending eight of them to the hospital with bites. (This also co-features the who. ) -A Soyus spacecraft docked flawlessly with the Mir space station Saturday, transport a fresh crew of two Russian cosmonauts and a Frenchman to the orbiting outpost along with a bottle of French wine. WHY lead Used when the contend is more prominent or unique than what happens. With more amateurs cutting wood for use as an alternative to high-priced heating oil, hospitals are coping with an increase number of injuries due to chain-saw accidents, reported the American College of Surgeons. WHERE lead Used when the place is unique and no prominent person is involved. -Red China will be the website of the next International Film Festival. WHEN lead Rarely used as the reader presumes the story to be t imely. However, this lead is useful when speaking of deadlines, holidays and important dates. -Today, approximately to the hour, the Revolutionary Government was proclaimed by President Corazon Aquino.HOW lead Used when the manner, mode, means, or method of achieving the story is unnatural way. -Louisiana-Pacific Corp. plans to sell seven out-of-state lumber mill and expand production at 17 others in order to boost output by up to 40 percent. (The how in this lead is also the what. ) change leads Novelty leads differ fromsummary leads inthat they make no attempt to answer all of the five Ws and the H. Asthenameimplies transmutationleads are novel. They use different writing approaches to present different news situations to bring in the readers attention and arouse curiosity.Type of Novelty Lead Example CONTRAST The line of reasoning lead compares two opposite extremes, generally dramatize a story. The comparisons most frequently used are tragedy with comedy, age with youth, th e past with the present and the bonnie with the ugly. In 1914, the United States entered the First World War with a Navy of 4,376 officers, 68,680 men, 54 airplanes, one airship, three balloons and one air station. Today, there are more than 500,000 active duty officers and enlisted personnel, 475 ships and 8,260 aircraft in our Navy. PICTURE The picture lead draws a pictural word of the person or thing in the story. I t allows the reader to see the person or thing as you saw it. Thin and unshaven , his clothes drooping from his body like rags on a scarecrow, Frank Brown, USN, today told naval authorities about six-week ordeal in an open rubber boat in the South China Sea. The new principal, although only at his early thirties, is already silver-haired. He seldom talks, but when he does, he talks with sense. FREAK The freak lead is the most novel of the novelty leads.As the name implies, the freak lead employs a play on words, alliteration, poetry or an unusual typographical ar rangement to introduce the facts in the story and to attract the readers attention. For sale One guided missile destroyer. The Navy is thinking about inserting this advertisement. $ammy $mith, who i$ just $even, wa$ digging in the $and at $amsons beach today and gue$$ what he found? BACKGROUND The background lead is similar to a picture lead, except for one important difference. It draws a vivid word picture of the news setting, surroundings or circumstances. High seas, strong winds and heavy overcast provided the setting for a dramatic mission of mercy in the North Atlantic on the first day of the new year. The PNC campus was turned into a miniature carnival ground Sept. 1 during the 85th F-Day celebration of the College. change with buntings and multi-colored lights, the college quadrangle was a grand setting for a barrio fiesta. PUNCH The punch lead consists of a blunt, explosive statement designed to surprise or seismic disturbance the reader. The president is dead. Frida y the 13th is over, but the casualty list is still growing.Victory Day Magsaysay High School celebrated March 18 its 5th victory in the city-wide journalism contests. QUESTION The question lead features a pertinent query that arouses the readers curiosity and makes them want to read the body of the story for answers. Phrase this lead as a rhetorical question. How does pay in the Navy compare with civilian wagers? Has the space age affected the role of the Navy? QUOTATION The quotation lead features a short, eye catching quote or remark, usually set in quotation marks.A quote lead should be used only when it is so important or remarkable that it overshadows the other facts in the story. You really dont know what freedom is until you have had to escape from Communist captivity, says Bob Denglar, a former Navy lieutenant and an escape from a Viet Cong prison camp. The youth in the New Republic have become partners of the government in its battle for progress and advancement, thus spoke PNC Dean of Instruction Rebecca D. Alcantara to some 400 student delegates to the 1998 Hi-Y-H-teens Leadership Training Seminar held Dec. 6-39 at the College Auditorium. DIRECT ADDRESS The direct process lead is aimed directly at the readers and makes them collaborators with facts in the story. It usually employs the pronouns you and your. Your pay will increase by ten percent next month. You can receive a college education Navy expense if you qualify under a new program announced this week. References http//journalism20. nuvvo. com/lesson/7587-lead-of-a-news-story www. angelfire. com http//photographytraining. tpub. com

Transforming the Influence of the Media on our Lives

Our goal in this publication is to help our readers lay a foundation for transforming the influence of the media on their lives. It is in all of our interests to critically assess, rather than mindlessly accept, news media pronouncements. Our hope is that we can aid readers to become more independent, insightful, and critical in responding to the content of news media messages and storiesIf objectivity or pallor in the construction of news stories is thought of as equivalent to modeling all the facts and only the facts (All the news thats fit to print), objectivity and pallor is an illusion.No human knows more than a small percentage of the facts and it is not possible to present all the facts (even if one did know them). It isnt even possible to present all the important facts, for many criteria compete for determining what is impor- tant. We must t presentfore always ask,What has been left out of this article? What would I think if different facts had been highlighted here? What if this article had been written by those who hold a point of view opposite to the one embedded in the story as told?For example, people unremarkably consider facts to be important to the extent that they have significant implications for them personally Is any given event going to affect what they want, how much is it going to live them, how is it going to influence their income, their living conditions, their leisure, their convenience? How some given event is going to affect others, especially others far away and out of sight, is quite another(prenominal) matter. There is therefore a large divergence among the news media of the world as to what is presented as significant in the world.

Racial, Gender, And Sexual Oriention Micro Aggressions Essay

The three types of micro incursion are racial micro belligerence, grammatical gender micro aggression, and sexual orientation micro aggression. Racial micro aggression consists of subtle insults which give the bounce be verbal, nonverbal, or visual directed towards people of color, a great deal automatically or unconsciously. It is a subtle form of racialism. Racial micro aggression can take a number of different forms including nullifying racial- cultural issues, making stereo-typical assumptions, and cultural insensitivity. They also play a role in unfairness in the legal system as they can influence the decisions of juries.Gender micro aggression is related to acts that perpetuate stereotypical gender roles. An example of this could be a male faculty member asking his male colleagues to help him work bulge a glitch in a piece of equipment in his laboratory but not asking his female colleagues making the notion that a cleaning womans mechanical aptitude is inferior to that of a mans. These gender micro aggressions include devaluing, minimizing, belittling, and demeaning comments about(predicate) women and women associated activities. Sexual orientation micro aggression is associated with actions that maintain stereotypes about homosexuals.An example of this would be assuming that all homosexual males personify women with high-pitched voices and manicured nails and that all lesbians have manly characteristics that signify that they are gay. The dynamics of micro aggression are the forces that consort to produce activity and change in racial, gender, and sexuality incidents. The dynamics behind micro aggression also tend to send nubs towards people. An example of this could be when an white person asks an Asian American or Latino American to teach them words in their native language. This sends the message that they arent American and a foreigner.Another example would be a white person stating that an African American is very articulate. The substan tial message it sends is that it is strange for someone of color to be intelligent. There are four dilemmas that we face during micro aggression. The first is the clash of racial realities where white Americans tend to think that racism is on the decline and that African Americans are doing better in life than 30 or 40 years ago. On the reverse side, b escapes get whites as racially insensitive. The second dilemma is the invisibility of unintentional expressions of bias.This refers to the issue that in most cases racial biases are invisible and the wrongdoer is un apprised of any injustice. The terzetto is the perceived minimal harm of racial micro aggressions. This conveys the fact that when an individual is confronted with their micro aggressive acts the perpetrator usually believes that the victim has overreacted or is being besides sensitive. The last dilemma is the Catch 22 of responding to micro aggressions. The victim is usually perplexed about how to react whether it be d eciding to do nothing or confronting the perpetrator. Sometimes, micro aggression can manifest in counseling.Under Denial of Individual Racism, a common response by Whites to people of color is that they can understand and relate to experiences of racism. Under Color Blindness, for example, a client of color stresses the importance of racial experiences only to have the therapist reply, We are all unique. We are all individuals. or We are all human beings or the same under the skin. These colorblind statements, which were intended to be supportive, to be sympathetic, and to convey an ability to understand, may block the client feeling misunderstood, negated, invalidated, and unimportant.In clinical practice, micro aggressions are likely to go unrecognized by White clinicians who are unintentionally and unconsciously expressing bias. As a result, therapists mustiness make a concerted effort to identify and monitor micro aggressions within the therapeutic context. CHAPTER 7 CULTU RALLY APPROPRIATE preventive STRATEGIES The chat styles identified in this chapter were verbal and non-verbal. Most communication specialists believe that only 30 to 40 percent of what is communicated conversationally is verbal. There are a number of non-verbal communication styles.These are proxemics, kinesics, paralanguage, and high-low context communication. The two concepts presented in sociopolitical facets of nonverbal communication were 1. Nonverbals as reflections of bias this is represented in the example of the white women manner of walking down the street past the white, black, and latino teenager. When passing the black and latino teenager she automatically clutched her purse and switched it to the other side. The women who switched their purse were operating from stereotype, biases, and preconceived notions about what minority youngsters are like. 2.Nonverbals as triggers to biases and fear this is represented in the differences in that which kitchen-gardenings c ommunicate. Whites often perceive black persons as a threat beca purpose of the way in which they communicate. Blacks are often high-key, animated, heated, and confrontational. They also believe the black male to be hostile, angry and prone to violence. Implications for Clinical Practice 1. Recognize that no one style of counseling or therapy will be appropriate for all populations and situations. 2. Become knowledgeable about how race, culture and gender affect communication styles. 3.Become aware of your own communication and helping styles. 4. Try to obtain additional training and education on a variety theoretical orientations and approaches 5. Know that each cultivate of counseling and therapy has strengths but they might be one dimensional 6. Use an approach in training programs that call for openness and flexibility in conceptualizing the issues and actual skill building. It is important to know this because communication styles are strongly influenced by race, culture, ethn icity, and gender. These implications lend support to the notion that various racial groups exhibit differences in communication style.CHAPTER 8 MULTICULTURAL FAMILY COUNSELING AND THERAPY There were five components of the multicultural family counseling and therapy a conceptual model. 1. People Nature Relationships 2. Time balance 3. Relational Dimension 4. Activity Dimension 5. Nature of People Dimension Activity Dimension The primary characteristic of White U. S. cultural values and beliefs is the action orientation. They believe that we must cover and control nature, we must always do something about a situation, and that we should always take a pragmatic and utilitarian view of life.Counselors expect clients to master and control their own life and environment and to take action to resolve their problems. It is evident everywhere and is reflected in how White Americans identify themselves by occupation. American Indians and Latinos/Hispanics select a being or being-in-becom ing mode of activity. The American Indian concepts of self determination and noninterference are examples. The Latinos/Hispanics believe that people are born with self-regard and deserve to be treated with respect. They are born with innate worth and importance.The inner soul and spirit are more important than the body. Both the Asian and African Americans operate from the doing orientation. However, the doing manifests differently than in White American lifestyle. The active dimension in Asians is related not to individual achievement, but to achievement via unison to family values and demands. African Americans exercise considerable control in the face of adversity to minimize discrimination and to maximize success. Nature of People Dimension heart and soul class White Americans generally perceive the nature of people to be neutral.Environmental issues such as conditioning, family upbringing, and socialization are believed to be the dominant forces in determining the nature of t he person. People are neither good nor bad but are a product of their environment. African Americans tend to have a mixed concept of people, but like their White counterparts, they believe people are generally neutral. Asian Americans and American Indians tend to emphasize the inherent worthiness of people. Latinos may be described as holding the view that human nature is both good and bad. The Key Points for Clinical Practice1. Know that our change magnitude diversity presents us with different cultural concepts of the family. 2. Realize that families cannot be understood apart from the cultural, social, and political dimensions of their functioning. 3. When working with a racial/ethnic group different from you, make a concerted and conscientious effort learn as much as possible about their definition of family and the values along with it. 4. Be attentive to cultural family structure and extended family ties. 5. Dont prejudge based on your own ethnocentric perspective. 6.Realize that most minority groups view the wifely role as less important than the motherly role. 7. Utilize the natural help giving networks and structures that already exist in the minority culture in community. 8. Recognize that helping can take many forms. These forms often appear quite different than our own, but they are no less efficient or legitimate. Multicultural counseling calls for the counselor to modify our goals and techniques to fit the needs of minority populations. 9. Assess the importance of ethnicity to clients and families. 10. Realize that the role of family counselor cannot be hold to culture shore rules.Effective multicultural counseling may include validating and strengthening ethnic identity increasing ones own awareness and use of the client support system, serving as a culture broker, and becoming aware of the advantages and disadvantages of being from the same or different ethnic background as your client. You shouldnt feel you need to know everything about t he ethnic group, you should avoid polarization of cultural issues. 11. Accept the notion that the family therapist will need to be creative in intervention techniques when working with minorities. Bold = most important points in clinical practiceCHAPTER 9 NON-WESTERN INDIGENOUS METHODS OF HEALING Culture bound syndromes are disorders specific to a cultural group or society but not easily given a DSM diagnosis. These illnesses or afflictions have local anaesthetic names with distinct culturally sanctioned beliefs surrounding causation and treatment. They include amok, ataque de nervios, brain fag, ghost sickness, koro, mal de ojo, nervios, and rootwork. It is very important for mental health professionals to become familiar not only with the cultural background of their clients, but to be knowledgeable about specific culture bound syndromes.A primary danger from lack of cultural understanding is the tendency to overpathologize or overestimate the degree of pathology. The principles of indigenous healing 1. The healing begins with an opening prayer and ends with a closing prayer. The pule creates an breeze for healing and involves asking the family gods for guidance. The gods arent asked to intervene but grant wisdom, understanding and honesty. 2. The ritual elicits a truth telling sanctioned by the gods and makes compliance among participants a serious matter.The leader states the problem, prays for a spiritual fusion, reaches out to resistant family members, and attempts to unify the group 3. Muhiki occurs which is a process of getting to the problems. The foregiving, releasing of wrongs, the hurts, and the conflicts produces a deep maven of resolution. 4. After the closing prayer the family participates in pant, the ritual in which food is offered to the gods and the participants. Implications for Clinical Practice 1. Do not invalidate the indigenous practices of your culturally versatile client. 2.Become knowledgeable about indigenous beliefs and healin g practices. 3. Realize that learning about indigenous healing and beliefs entails experimental or lived realities. 4. Avoid overpathologizing and underpathologizing a culturally diverse clients problems. 5. Be willing to consult with traditional healers or make use of their services. 6. Recognize the spirituality is an intimate aspect of the human condition and a legitimate aspect of mental health work. 7. Be willing to expand your definition of the helping role to the community work and involvement.

Skewed Moralities

Money for Morality, she presumes to state her thesis which details that in todays party we have lost the need to be self-motivated and otherwise rely on other people to bargain with us with tokens of success thus sullying our dignified slap-up deeds. This is expressed best in Mary Regardless first example of a boy whom goes out of his way to return a large sum of coin to its rightful owner whilst not intending upon receiving a retaliate and yet however is pursued by another group of adults wishing to reimburse him for his troubles and finding that the reward is deserved of a large sum of money.Mary Regardless goes on to explain that through actions like these, not only are our efforts being diminished but as well as we are being trained to expect rewards for deeds that supersede the plane of what is Just. To give her argument strength she includes in-person ties to her own relationship with her son and his personal account of his friends and their parents. In this story they de scribe the teachers and parents effort to set up a bargaining system with their youthful counterparts thus giving the students a corrupt of sorts to achieve to a higher standard.To which of course Mary Regardless states, Doing well is its own reward. The A Just confirms that. To conclude Mary Regardless sums up with a knowledgeable remark about being a good example that parents, or rather Just people in general, should make it their objective to go forth good means of raising their kids through the power of suggestion. Rather than making their way to the couch or wasting time and money at any(prenominal) mall, spent that time instead to read a book, do some basic chores. At a developing age it only provides positive accompaniment to a child that will carry them through the rest of life In order to achieve.

Buyers Guide On Men Shirts Fashion Essay

Work force s raiments ar g legents worn out by invent forces on the upper organic structure. They do non mention to innerwear or outerwear. appareling cloths asshole be pictorial fibres such as cotton, linen, wool, silk, and ramee or man-made fibres such as cellulose xanthate, polyester, nylon, and lyocell. Shirts come in several(a) manners of stranglers, arms, organic structure, length, shirt turnups, cervixs and pockets.Types of work forces s shirtsWork force s shirts are available in assorted designs, forms and manners. Some of the most common types of work forces s shirts areCamp shirts These shirts are free, cut out consecutive, and short sleeved. The garroter is level as is portion of the shirt. The ruffle is called cantonment catch , exchangeable neckband or serrate neckband .Dress shirt A shirt with long arms and turnups, a neckband and buttons running along a full length opening from the neckband to the bottom hem. Normally worn as formalwear, dress shir ts are worn with a tie under suits or jackets. Tapered tog shirts provide a snugger tantrum.Tee shirt Besides known as Jerseies, these shirts are chiefly insouciant wear. They are normally made of stretchy, finely knit fabric such as cotton or cotton/viscose blends, and have short arms. They can be obviously, printed or with mottos and advertisement. Tee shirts are worn with a cantonment shirt or by themselves. Types of tee shirts areRinger Jerseies have a neckband and sleeve turnup made out of a different cloth from the chief shirt.One-half shirts have a high hem, and make merely above the waist go forthing the middle uncovered.Construction shirts ( A-shirt or vest ) have big armholes and a unit of ammunition cervix hole to let better mobility. Popular amongst jocks and labor movement workers, these shirts are besides popular manner statements in funk manner.Polo shirt ( tennis shirt or golf shirt ) This is a short sleeved, collared shirt with a short button placket at the cerv ix. The presence is shorter than the dorsum and the cloth is of soft texture. It is really comfy wear for warm yearss. Types of Polo shirts areRugby shirt is a polo shirt with long arms traditionally made of rugged cloth but comes in softer stuffs now.Henley shirt is a collarless Polo shirt.Baseball shirt ( New Jersey ) This shirt is characterized by three fourth length arms, a level waist seam, crew cervix or V-neck, and a squad tag or logo.Sweatshirt This long sleeved shirt is normally made of somewhat heavy stuff such as knit cotton. It can hold a goon and is available in slipover and rush down manner.Night shirt Night shirts are loose comfy tantrums suited for kiping. They come in galore(postnominal) forms and prints.Work force s shirt parts and their typesWork force s shirts come in a sorting of manners. They are distinguished by theNeck The cervix of a shirt can bepolo-neck has a high close-fitting neckbandV-shaped comes with or without collarOpen or tassel cervix has co rds to bind togetherWindsor or turn out neckband is a dressy neckband with infinite for the Windsor knot tie ( formalwear )Tab neckband comes with two fabric checks that fasten to continue the collar interruption under a tieFlying neckband comes with formal shirts that collect a bow tieStraight neckband or point neckband has a smaller collar spread for half-Windsor knot tiesButton-down neckbands have buttons that fasten the points of the neckband to the shirtBand neckband is the lower portion of a regular neckbandTurtleneck neckband is high and covers most of the cervixBody The organic structure of a shirt can holdA normal gap that is fastened with buttons or a nothingno gap pulled over the caputSleeves The arms of work forces s shirts can be short ( cap or half ) , full length, sleeveless or three quaternate lengths.Cuffs Full length arms can hold assorted types of turnupsClosed placket turnup has no buttonsButton turnup has a individual button or brace along the turnup hemB arrel turnup has multiple buttons perpendicular to the turnup hemGallic turnup has four buttons for cufflinks and one half of the turnup folds over the otherLink turnup has buttons for cufflinks, and the turnup is hemmed to the arm borderLength of shirt Work force s shirts can be short to bare the middle, waist length, or hip length.Other features Work force s shirts can hold multiple pockets with or without flaps, buttons or nothings and goons.Shirt makers come up with new designs every twenty-four hours. Many shirt designs and cloths are seasonal. Shirts come in assorted colourss and sizes that are measured otherwise across states.

Introduction to Statistics

Random Sample severally member of the population has the same chance of creation selected Re layative Sample characteristics should represent those of the target population without bias Observational Study no interposition by the investigator, no treatment imposed Experimental Study Investigator has some control everyplace the determinant Variables Categorical each observation falls into a feline number of groups Nominal named variables with no implied order e. G. Personality type Ordinal grouped variables with implied order e. G. Veil of education Continuous metrical variables Discrete take discrete encourages e. G. Number of children Numerical screw assume any value within a certain range/elemental e. G. Height Types of Designs True experiment researcher has potency to randomly allocate observations to conditions Quasi-experiment demonstrate a relationship between an IV/DVD researcher imprints white plague of naturally occurring groups, pilet make cause and effect state ments Non-experiments (correlation design) question If there Is a relationship between variables, cant make cause & effect statementsBetween groups two groups being compared on some outcome measure Within-subjects participants experience each condition of an IV, with measurements of some outcome taken on each occasion Extraneous variables variable present In an experiment, which might Interfere with the relationship between IV & DVD Confounding variables mediating variable that can adversely affect the relation between IV/DVD Internal validity extent to which a casual relationship can be assumed between IV & DVD.External validity degree to which you can generalize the results of your study to mom underlying population T-test One sample t-test A data should draw close from a normal population Paired t-test -A must be independent, arise from a normal statistical distribution & populations of same spreads Independent sample A normally distributed, homogeneity of variances, independe nce of the observations Correlation/Regression A the relation in the population is linear, the residuals in y have a constant standard remainder and the residuals arise from a normal distribution detests of good fit and test of independence A pass judgment count has to be larger than five

Law of the Harvest LDS Talk

My dear Brothers and Sisters, It is so faithful to be with you today. The warmth and love that each of you eat is so good to feel and to be billet of the fellowship of the saints. Brother XYZ has asked that I talk to the Law of the Harvest. G whollyations 67 Whatsoever a humankind Soweth , that sh any he reap I wish to first sh atomic number 18 with you a story. Many years ago when I was working in Sacramento I had to support a trip for work to San Los Opisbo. The funeral was to be in the early afternoon so I could make the trip in one day. I got all my items to constricther. I had typifys and directions from map-quest.I knew my direction and I was liberation to make it there. I got there in no problem but noticed that I took me a little longer because I had planned. at one time there service was over I got in the van that I was driving and looked over the map and saw that I just emergencyed to drive on the road I was on and then turn near the town of Avenal and that wou ld hire me on I-5. I started proscribed and began driving. After a small-arm I noticed that I hadnt taken the upright turn that I had planned on doing. I pulled over and saw that if I stayed on this road I could go into the town of Coalinga and then get I-5 again.But it was going to be more driving on this quite road. I said to myself well I will just redeem to go faster to make up the time. It felt equivalent evermore but I know it was not but I came up over a prepare and saw the familiar outline of a high route patrol car. I pulled to the right of the road right as I passed him. His lights came on and over to me and came around behind me. He came over to my window where I had my drivers license and insurance waiting for him. He askeme where I was heading. After a long explanation he saw all my maps and told me that I was going to fast and that I needed to slow down.He let me strike but said that if he ever caught me again He would throw the book at me What did I learn f rom this lesson of my spiritedness. I had made a plan I had the directions and the path laid our for me. I had a road map but I failed to get on the right road. then(prenominal) in surge of youth I decided that I would try to race to make up time. Which cost me time. This is like life, Laws are eternal truth that we follow and the direct action of those rectitudes. We stop choose to follow the commandments but we CAN NOT CHOOSE the result of that choice. we have the map and course laid out for us to follow. Our leading guide the representation for us to follow.We need to listen to there council and wisdom. We can NOT live to live a life of sin and of misdeeds and still return back to our Father. But I endure that the converse is true. That if we live a life of goodness and of obedience then we shall be welcomed seat to our father. Then for life there is redemption. The amazing gift that God has give us through his son deliverer saviour. The way to overcome the consequence s of our actions. Like the officer in my story They can grant us benevolence and met out mercy because justice was served those many years ago in Gessmetine groves and on Calvarys hill.D&C cxxx 20-21 There is a law, irrevocably decreed in heaven before the foundations of this world, upon which all blessings are predicatedand when we welcome any blessing from God, it is by obedience to that law upon which it is predicated. Take time today to reflect upon your life and the things that you have. I know that you will find that it is a direct reflection of the life that you have lived. forrader I conduct I need to read another scripture as a light Alma Chapter 38 ( Alma speaking to his sone Shiblon.He being a rightous man who was great missioner unto the people of Zoramites And now, my son, I desire that I shall have great rejoicing in you, because of your steadiness and your faithfulness unto God for as you have commenced in your youth to look to the Lord your God, even so I hop e that you will continue in keeping his commandments for blessed is he that endureth to the end. I say unto you, my son, that I have had great joy in thee already, because of thy faithfulness and thy diligence, and thy patience and thy long-suffering among the people of the Zoramites.For I know that thou wast in bonds yea, and I also know that thou wast stoned for the words sake and thou didst bear all these things with patience because the Lord was with thee and now thou knowest that the Lord did deliver thee. And now my son, Shiblon, I would that ye should remember, that as lots as ye shall put your trust in God even so much ye shall be delivered out of your trials, and your troubles, and your afflictions, and ye shall be lifted up at the last day. I share that scripture so that none may reckon that the trails that they have are a punishment for sin.Trails act as the refiners fire spoken of in 1 Peter 17. Elder Sill said this unity of the distinguishing characteristics of our wo rld is that it is a place of law and order, and the basic law of creation is Gods fundamental law of compensation. It says that all work must be paid for, that we can no more do a good thing without roundtime, in some way receiving a reward, than we can do an evil thing without suffering a penalty. In everything that we do, including the very thoughts that we think, we are subject to this interesting, undeviating eternal law.It is just as universal in its execution as are the laws of gravity, electricity, light or heat. It is never set aside, it is never suspended or restricted, and it governs in every department of human activity. Nothing is ever denied to well-directed effort and nothing is ever achieved without it. It is a thrill challenge, that we may have any blessing that we are willing to live for. And the primary law of the cosmos is this immutable,.. irrevocable law of the harvest that says, Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap. ( Gala. 67 ) ( The Law of th e Harvest, p. 1. ) Think of it my fellow saints D&C 82 10 I, the Lord, am bound when ye do what I say but when ye do not what I say, ye have no promise. You need to make the choice today the kind of person you want to constrain and then do what is required to become that son or daughter of God. In my calling I work with the young men. I ask in them to chart the course they want to take. If you lay out the course and you make your plans the small choices along the way are easier to make. The blessings are real I have seen them in my life and they can happen in your life.Sometimes other people are in your path that make living the gospel hard. I think of a story from my mission days. My mission president would from time to time send me a missionary that needed some guidance. Elder XYZ was one such Elder. He had a eternal resting problem. He would sleep until 10, 11 maybe even noon and then get up to work. When I trustworthy the assignment. I was told that I needed to help him not by being the school master but by a quite example of love and compassion. Each morning I would rise at the institute hour and mother my day. I would follow all the mission rules that I could.I tried with all my force to find people for us to teach and the work with. We began to teach these people when Elder Allen would rise we would begin our day. Brothers and Sisters the Lord blessed us with some amazing people to teach and baptize. Elder XYZ knew it I knew it and president XYZ knew that is was obedience to the rules of the mission and to what we needed to do that produced that fruit. The Lord was bound to help these people as a result of simple Elder ABC following the mission rules. Many times we just need to follow the commandments and as a result og our actions people lives are blessed.This most often happens with church leaders or those who are charged with helping people along the path of life. Because of ones faithful discharge then another is blessed Brother CFD was a fa ithful home teacher he would go out and visit the people that he had on his route. Most if not all of them never came to church. He had a name on his list of Brother ERD. For four long years he would go to this mans home and talk with him and invite him to come back. He would get the same answer each time. Nope not this workhebdomad A change started to come over him as he saw this faithful brother.Then one week he came to church. The ward welcomed him back and he became interested in the work that needed to get done. His wife had to be baptized and his grand kids needed names placed on the roles of the church. He came back to the clam up of God because one man decided to share his time with another and follow the charge that he had as a priesthood leader. As we serve others two things happen. 1- Lives of the people change and are made easier or they get stuff that are given to them 2- the people giving the service are rewarded for the work they are done.This reward or compensatio n is both physical and also spiritual. Alpha was the President of his Teachers quorum , I was the advisor, One Sunday about two years ago we heard that brother YTR had a bad possibility and would not be able to mow his lawn. In Priesthood we talked about the needs of Brother YTR and the Bishop told Alpha to get the lawn mowed. Alpha a young 15 year old , holder of the Priesthood of God, planned on going to this house. They got rides for the boys that needed them. They got lawn mowers and edgers. Then They called me.Alpha told me that They were going to there on Wednesday and thought I should know. I was surprised that it was planned. I told him that I could be there and would bring a watermelon if they wanted. He said sure and I was there at the home. Alpha and his fellow members of the Aaronic Priesthood provided service and were blessed. I was taught by these boys and they taught each other. These stories are not unique, you all have these same stories of obedience to a law of Go d and cherish in the blessings that you received . Each time that story is shared the blessings are relived and your excitement is filled.I want to warn us all to not think that these blessings are ours and ours alone. Many faithful people of all religions are given blessings and can feel of the Law of the Harvest. The lord is the same yesterday today and forever and when we do a right thing we will be blessed. For those of us who have strayed and who need help getting back on the path there is hope. Christ paid the price for our sin and know how to welcome us back. Luke 8 4- 15 Christ taught the fiction of the sower And when much people were gathered together, and were come to him out of every city, he spake by a parableA sower went out to sow his seed and as he sowed, some fell by the way side and it was trodden down, and the fowls of the air devoured it. And some fell upon a rock and as soon as it was sprung up, it withered away, because it lacked moisture. And some fell among thorns and the thorns sprang up with it, and choked it. And other fell on good ground, and sprang up, and bare fruit an hundredfold. And when he had said these things, he cried, He that hath ears to hear, let him hear. And his disciples asked him, saying, What dexterity this parable be?And he said, Unto you it is given to know the mysteries of the kingdom of God but to others in parables that seeing they might not see, and hearing they might not understand. Now the parable is this The seed is the word of God. Those by the way side are they that hear then cometh the devil, and taketh away the word out of their hearts, lest they should believe and be saved. They on the rock are they, which, when they hear, receive the word with joy and these have no root, which for a while believe, and in time of temptation fall away.And that which fell among thorns are they, which, when they have heard, go forth, and are choked with cares and riches and pleasures of this life, and bring no fruit to perfection. But that on the good ground are they, which in an innocent and good heart, having heard the word, keep it, and bring forth fruit with patience. Verse 13 tells of the hope that we have for these who fall away for a time. Let us do what we can to bring them back. The atonement of Christ is for all. I know that as a man soweth so shall he reap.